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Circumzenithal Arcs


Although the circumzenithal arc is a very common and colourful halo few people ever notice it. You have to look at the zenith on a sunny day with Cirrus clouds to see it.

Circumzenithal arcs are caused by refraction in plate crystals and can only occur at solar elevations lower than 32°. The lower the Sun, the thinner and larger they get until they become diffuse and can no longer be observed. The circumzenithal arc never surrounds the whole zenith.


Circumzenithal arc at a solar elevation of 15°. Simulation with HaloSim 3.6 by © Les Cowley und Mike Schroeder shown with permission. The simulation also shows some other halos - a 22° halo, the parhelic circle with the right parhelion, a tangent arc and a faint supralateral arc that always touches the circumzenithal arc at its highest point.

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