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Subsun


Subsuns are white circular or cigar-shaped patches below the sun and the same distance below the horizon as the sun is above it. As they are below the horizon, a location allowing a view downwards is needed to see them, for example a mountain or an airplane. In diamond dust displays, the subhorizon halos may appear very close to the observer. Subsuns are the most common subhorizon halo. They are formed by reflection mostly in and on the basal faces of hexagonal plate crystals. Well-oriented crystals make very bright subsuns because the reflected light is spread over a smaller area.

Left hand side: subsun photographed on a flight from Seattle to Juneau on June 30th, 2007. Canon Powershot S80, unprocessed compressed image.

Middle: Parhelia and subsun. Simulation with HaloSim 3.6 by © Les Cowley and Mike Schroeder shown with permission. The simulation was made with well-oriented plate crystals only, the solar elevation is 18.5°.


The subsun at different solar elevations. Simulation with HaloSim 3.6 by © Les Cowley and Mike Schroeder shown with permission. The simulation is made with well-oriented plate crystals only, solar elevations 1° (left hand side), 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°.


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